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Steel members that are formed from folded (cold-formed) sheet steel. Typically used in steel framed house construction in conjunction with sheet materials that may provide bracing.
Cold-formed steel framing, Canada (S.Brzev)
Cold-formed steel framing detail, USA (S. Brzev)
Cold-formed steel construction, Kyrgyzstan (left: K. Kanbolotov; right: U. Begaliev, A. Duishev, and R. Musakov)
Cold-formed steel framing under construction, Kyrgyzstan (U. Begaliev, A. Duishev, and R. Musakov)
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The roof is a complex combination of roof forms with a degree of regularity such as symmetry.
Complex regular roof, a symmetrical arrangement of multiple pitched gable roofs, New Zealand (A Charleson).
Complex regular roof, a repeating arrangement of multiple pitched gable roofs, New Zealand (A Charleson).
Complex regular roof, Phom Penh, Cambodia (C. Scawthorn)
A school building in Padang, Indonesia - roof form derives from water buffalo horn (C. Scawthorn)
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Concrete that is reinforced by metal, usually steel rods or bars cast into the concrete, or by other reinforcement such as glass or metal fibres or natural materials that are strong in tension.
Includes prestressed concrete, and can be pre-cast or cast-in-place.
Reinforced concrete slab and columns under construction, Canada (S. Brzev)
Reinforced concrete building, New Zealand (A. Charleson)
Reinforced concrete wall and column retrofitted with carbon fibrewrap, USA (S. Brzev)
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The building is mainly used for education, including schools and universities.
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As per Cast-in-Place Concrete, but where primary members of the Lateral Load-Resisting System are post-tensioned with steel cables or rods.
A typical prestressing cable (S. Brzev)
Prestressing cables laid out before the concrete pour (Canada, S. Brzev)
Anchorage of a prestressed concrete element, Canada (S. Brzev)