- Details
- Written by: admin
- Category: terms
- Hits: 2460
Sun-dried (or air-dried), unfired mud (clay) masonry, where the clay is cast into blocks (and sometimes into bricks) and then laid, as opposed to walls constructed in-place out of earth, as in earth construction (cob or rammed earth). Adobe blocks can be used both in unreinforced and reinforced masonry construction. Several types of reinforcement are available, including wood, bamboo/cane, or fibre reinforcing mesh.
Adobe blocks are commonly used for single-family housing in Peru (N. Tarque)
Tw-storey adobe building in Cuzco, Peru (S. Brzev)
Adobe house, Iran (A. Bakshi, M.A.Ghannad, and M. Yekrangnia)
Adobe construction, Tajikistan (J. Niyazov)
Manufacturing of adobe blocks in Peru (left - M. Blondet) and different sizes of adobe blocks (right- S. Brzev)
Adobe blocks of different shapes and sizes, Peru (S. Brzev)
A recently constructed adobe wall, Chile (S.Brzev)
Existing adobe buildings built in early 1900s in Chile (left) and a building damaged in the 2010 Maule earthquake (right) (S. Brzev)
Mission Dolores (built in 1788) is the oldest building in San Francisco, California, USA; the building was constructed using adobe blocks (see photo on the right) (S. Brzev)
Exposed adobe walls in a 19th century adobe building in Sonoma, California (S. Brzev)
- Details
- Written by: admin
- Category: terms
- Hits: 339
The floor structure is constructed of wood. Note that this refers to the structure, and not wood overlay flooring or plywood sheet laid over a different structural material.
- Details
- Written by: admin
- Category: terms
- Hits: 819
The building is used for farming and produce growing purposes.
- Details
- Written by: admin
- Category: terms
- Hits: 675
Cement mortar between masonry units consists of a cement and sand mix. Cement mortar has a light grey colour (similar to concrete). It is considered a high-strength mortar, and it cannot be easily removed from the wall. However, mix proportions for cement mortar widely range between countries, from 1:6 cement:sand to 1:3 cement:sand. Note that a larger amount of cement results in higher mortar strength and influences the strength of masonry construction. Cement mortar can be used for all types of masonry construction, except for adobe masonry.
Cement mortar (S. Brzev)
- Details
- Written by: admin
- Category: terms
- Hits: 969
There are no connections between the roof diaphragm and the walls that are capable of transferring in-plane forces from roof to wall and restraining outward displacements of walls.
Example of connections of a steel deck diaphragm to a concrete or masonry wall, that may be inadequate (adapted from FEMA 172, 1992)
An inadequate connection of a wooden roof to the masonry wall in a building damaged in the 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake (W. Clark)
Out-of-plane collapse of masonry walls at the top floor level in a building due to inadequate roof-wall connection, 1989 Loma Prieta, California earthquake (EERI Reconnaissance Team)
Out-of-plane collapse of masonry walls in a building damaged in the 1994 Northridge, California earthquake; note floor-wall anchors (EERI Reconnaissance Team)
Roof-wall diaphragm connections between steel trusses (known as Open Web Steel Joists in North America) and masonry walls may be inadequate if support dimensions and attachment are not adequately designed and/or constructed (J. Adams)